botanical record · discovered
Bell Pepper
Capsicum annuum
Bell Pepper · Green Pepper · Cherry Pepper · Sweet Pepper · Cone Pepper · Paprika · Aichi · Aji · Aji de gallina · Ají · Ají caballero · Ají de gallina · Ají de gallinazo · Ají de yunguilla · Ají del paute · Ají dulce · Ají gallinazo · Ají jobito · Ají rocoto · Ardei · Biber · Bird Pepper
At a glance
Origin / distribution: Turkey, Haiti, China, Hawaii, Dominican Republic, Iraq, Spain, Malaya
Cultural traditions: not documented
Recorded uses: Aphrodisiac, Ciguatera, Diaphoretic, Dyspepsia
Science studied: ACETYL-CHOLINE, ANTHERAXANTHIN, ARACHIDIC-ACID, ARSENIC
Research volume: 0 indexed records · volume only · methodology ↗
Legal status: Varies by jurisdiction; not assessed in this record.
Names and identity
Family: Solanaceae
Scientific name: Capsicum annuum
Common names: Bell Pepper, Green Pepper, Cherry Pepper, Sweet Pepper, Cone Pepper, Paprika, Aichi, Aji, Aji de gallina, Ají, Ají caballero, Ají de gallina, Ají de gallinazo, Ají de yunguilla, Ají del paute, Ají dulce, Ají gallinazo, Ají jobito, Ají rocoto, Ardei, Biber, Bird Pepper
History
The source record documents this plant in Turkey, Haiti, China, Elsewhere, Hawaii, Dominican Republic, Iraq, Spain and 2 additional places.
It records these historical or traditional applications:
- Aphrodisiac
- Ciguatera
- Diaphoretic
- Dyspepsia
- Neuralgia
- Pharyngitis
- Rheumatism
- Rubefacient
show 14 more documented entries
- Scrofula
- Sore
- Spice
- Stimulant
- Stomachic
- Asthma
- Carminative
- CNS stimulant
- Digestive
- Gonorrhea
- Lumbago
- Skin
- Styptic
- Tonic
This summary is limited to the cited source record.
Origins and distribution
- Turkey
- Haiti
- China
- Elsewhere
- Hawaii
- Dominican Republic
- Iraq
- Spain
- Malaya
- Mexico
Documented cultural uses
- Aphrodisiac
- Ciguatera
- Diaphoretic
- Dyspepsia
- Neuralgia
- Pharyngitis
- Rheumatism
- Rubefacient
- Scrofula
- Sore
- Spice
- Stimulant
show 10 more documented entries
- Stomachic
- Asthma
- Carminative
- CNS stimulant
- Digestive
- Gonorrhea
- Lumbago
- Skin
- Styptic
- Tonic
Contemporary uses
Contemporary practice is not documented separately in this record.
Scientific research
Indexed records indicate research activity; they do not establish efficacy or safety.
Indexed research records
- Biometric and Molecular Analysis of the Progeny of Twin Plants of Capsicum annuum L · 2026 source ↗
- The interaction between CaDUF642.01 and CaPME2 influences stem strength in Capsicum annuum L. · 2026 source ↗
- Molecular mechanisms and agronomic strategies for thermotolerance in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). · 2026 source ↗
Scientific compounds
Chemical presence is not evidence of clinical efficacy.
- ACETYL-CHOLINE
- ANTHERAXANTHIN
- ARACHIDIC-ACID
- ARSENIC
- L-ASPARAGINASE
- ASPARAGINE
- BEHENIC-ACID
- BETAINE
- BORON
- 2-BUTANONE
- CADMIUM
- CAFFEIC-ACID
- CAMPESTEROL
- CIS-9'-CAPSANTHIN
- CAPSANTHIN-5,6-EPOXIDE
- CAPSIANOSIDE-B
show 370 more documented entries
- CAPSIANOSIDE-D
- CAPSIANOSIDE-E
- CAPSIANOSIDE-I
- CAPSIANOSIDE-II
- CAPSIANSIDE-A
- CAPSICOSIDE-A-1
- CAPSICOSIDE-C-1
- CAPSOLUTEIN
- CARBOHYDRATES
- ALPHA-CAROTENE
- BETA-CAROTENE-EPOXIDE
- CHLOROGENIC-ACID
- CHOLINE
- CINNAMIC-ACID
- CITROSTADIENOL
- CITROXANTHIN
- CITRULLIN
- COPPER
- ALPHA-COPAENE
- P-COUMARIC-ACID
- N-TRANS-P-COUMAROYL-TYRAMINE
- CYCLOHEXANONE
- CRYPTOCAPSIN
- BETA-CRYPTOXANTHIN
- CYCLOARTANOL
- CYCLOARTENOL
- CYCLOEUCALENOL
- CYSTINE
- DEHYDROASCORBIC-ACID
- CIS-9,10-DIHYDRO-CAPSENONE
- 5,6-DIHYDROXY-5,6-DIHYDRO-ZEAXANTHIN
- 2,3-DIMETHYL-PYRAZINE
- DI-N-PROPYL-AMINE
- 3,6-EPOXIDE-5-HYDROXY-5,6-DIHYDRO-ZEAXANTHIN
- EUGENOL
- FAT
- N-TRANS-FERULOYL-OCTOPAMINE
- FIBER
- GALACTOSAMINE
- GALACTOSE
- GLUCOSE
- GLYCINE
- GRAMISTEROL
- GROSSAMIDE
- HEPTADECANE
- HEXANAL
- HEXAN-1-AL
- 1-HEXANOL
- 2-HEXANOL
- 3-HEXANOL
- 5-HYDROXY-CAPSANTHIN-5,6-EPOXIDE
- 3-HYDROXY-ALPHA-CAROTENE
- 3-ISOBUTYL-2-METHOXYPYRAZINE
- ISOHEXYL-ISOCAPROATE
- 3-ISOPROPYL-2-METHOXYPYRAZINE
- LANOST-8-EN-3-BETA-OL
- LEUCINE
- LINOLEIC-ACID
- LOPHENOL
- LUPEOL
- LUTEIN
- LUTEOLIN-7-O-BETA-DIGLUCOSIDE
- LYSINE
- MARGARIC-ACID
- 2-METHOXY-3-ISOBUTYL-PYRAZINE
- 2-METHYL-BUTANAL
- 2-METHYL-BUTAN-1-OL
- 2-METHYL-BUTAN-2-OL
- 4-ALPHA-METHYL-5-ALPHA-CHOLEST-8(14)-EN-3-BETA-OL
- N-METHYL-ANILINE
- 3-METHYL-BUTYRIC-ACID
- 2-METHYL-5-ETHYLPYRAZINE
- 4-METHYL-HEXADECANE
- 24-METHYL-LANOST-9(11)-EN-3-BETA-OL
- 2-METHYL-PENTAN-2-OL
- 3-METHYL-PENTAN-3-OL
- 2-METHYL-PROPIONIC-ACID
- 4-METHYLTETRADECANE
- MOLYBDENUM
- MYRCENE
- NIACIN
- NICKEL
- N-NITROSO-PYRROLIDINE
- NONANOIC-ACID-VANILLYLAMIDE
- NORDIHYDROCAPSAICIN
- 31-NOR-LANOST-8-EN-3-BETA-OL
- 31-NOR-LANOST-9(11)-EN-3-BETA-OL
- OBTUSIFOLIOL
- OCTANOIC-ACID
- OLEIC-ACID
- PALMITIC-ACID
- PALMITOLEIC-ACID
- PENTADECANE
- PENTADECANOIC-ACID
- 2-PENTYL-FURAN
- ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE
- PHENYLALANINE
- PHOSPHODIESTERASE
- PHYTOENE
- ALPHA-PINENE
- PIPERIDINE
- PORPHOBILINOGEN-OXYGENASE
- PROTEIN
- SABINENE
- 3-(SEC-BUTYL)-2-METHOXYPYRAZINE
- SILICON
- BETA-SITOSTEROL
- SODIUM
- SOLANINE
- STRONTIUM
- SULFUR
- GAMMA-TERPINENE
- ALPHA-TERPINEOL
- TETRAMETHYL-PYRAZINE
- THREONINE
- TIN
- TOLUENE
- 4-ALPHA-14-ALPHA-24-TRIMETHYL-CHOLESTA-8(24)-DIEN-3-BETA-OL
- TRYPTOPHAN-PYRROLO-OXYGENASE
- TYROSINE
- VANILLYL-CAPROYLAMIDE
- VANILLYL-DECANAMIDE
- VANILLYL-OCTANAMIDE
- VIT-B-6
- XANTHOPHYLL
- P-XYLENE
- XYLOSE
- ACETYLFURAN
- P-AMINO-BENZALDEHYDE
- BROMINE
- CALCIUM
- NEO-BETA-CAROTENE
- CHROMIUM
- EO
- HOMOCAPSAICIN
- IRON
- LANOSTENOL
- 5-METHYL-2-FURFURAL
- 4-METHYLPENTADECANE
- N-PENTYL-AMINE
- STIGMASTEROL
- TERPINEN-4-OL
- THIAMIN
- BETA-AMYRIN
- BETA-APO-8'-CAROTENAL
- 1-O-CAFFEOYL-BETA-D-GLUCOSE
- CAPSANTHIN
- CIS-13'-CAPSANTHIN
- CAPSIANOSIDE-A
- CAPSIANOSIDE-IV
- CAPSICOSIDE-B-1
- CAPSORUBIN
- COBALT
- ALPHA-CRYPTOXANTHIN
- CYCLOPENTANOL
- 2,3-DIMETHYL-5-ETHYLPYRAZINE
- 24-(R)-ETHYL-LOPHENOL
- 1-O-FERRULOYL-BETA-D-GLUCOSE
- N-CIS-FERULOYL-TYRAMINE
- FOLIAXANTHIN
- GLUCOSAMINE
- GLUTAMINASE
- HENEICOSANE
- HEXADECANE
- 2-HEXANONE
- HYDROXY-BENZOIC-ACID-4-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE
- LEAD
- ALPHA-LINOLENIC-ACID
- LUTEOLIN-7-O-BETA-APIOGLUCOSIDE
- 3-METHYL-BUTANAL
- 4-METHYL-HEPTADECANE
- 4-METHYL-PENTANOIC-ACID
- 4-METHYL-3-PENTEN-2-ONE
- 4-METHYLTRIDECANE
- NEOXANTHIN
- NORCAPSAICINE
- 31-NOR-LANOSTEROL
- OXALIC-ACID
- 2-PENTYLPYRIDINE
- BETA-PINENE
- PROLINE
- SCOPOLETIN
- SKATOLE-PYRROLO-OXYGENASE
- SOLASODINE
- SULFOQUINOVOSYL-DIACYL-GLYCEROL
- ALPHA-THUJENE
- 2,3,5-TRIMETHYLPYRAZINE
- VANILLOYL-GLUCOSE
- VIOLAXANTHIN
- ZINC
- ASPARTIC-ACID
- ETHYL-3-METHYLBUTYRATE
- N-(13-METHYLTETRADECYL)ACETAMIDE
- CAPSAICIN
- DIHYDROCAPSAICIN
- 5-HYDROXYCAPSANTHIN
- CAPSIAMIDE
- CAPSICOSIN
- BETA-CAROTENE
- EPSILON-CAROTENE
- 5-ALPHA-CHOLEST-8(14)-EN-3-BETA-OL
- CYNAROSIDE
- PHOSPHATIDYL-GLYCEROL
- 24-DIHYDROLANOSTEROL
- LINOLENIC-ACID
- LUTEOLIN
- MYRICETIN
- NH3
- N-VANILLYL-N-NONAMIDE
- RISHITIN
- TRIGONELLINE
- ZEAXANTHIN
- VANILLIC-ACID-4-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE
- ALUMINUM
- ASH
- CAPSIANOSIDE-III
- FLUORINE
- MAGNESIUM
- MYRISTIC-ACID
- POTASSIUM
- STEARIC-ACID
- TITANIUM
- BARIUM
- ISOLEUCINE
- NITROGEN
- PHOSPHORUS
- AMMONIA
- CAPSIANOSIDE-V
- CAPSIDIOL
- N-TRANS-FERULOYL-TYRAMINE
- N-PROPYL-AMINE
- CAPSIANOSIDE-F
- N-TRANS-P-COUMAROYL-OCTOPAMINE
- CAPSIANOSIDE-C
- HOMODIHYDROCAPSAICIN
- MANGANESE
- RUBIDIUM
- MERCURY
- ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL
- CAMPHENE
- CARYOPHYLLENE
- LIMONENE
- PULEGONE
- ASCORBIC-ACID
- FIBER(CRUDE)
- FIBER(DIETARY)
- RIBOFLAVIN
- SELENIUM
- SUGARS
- THIAMINE
- WATER
- 2,3-BUTANEDIOL
- ALANINE
- APIIN
- ARGININE
- AUROCHROME
- CARNAUBIC-ACID
- CITRIC-ACID
- DELTA-3-CARENE
- DECANOIC-ACID-VANILLYLAMIDE
- P-CYMENE
- 13-CIS-CAPSANTHIN
- 9-CIS-CAPSANTHIN
- AUROXANTHIN-1
- AUROXANTHIN-2
- CAPSANTHIN-3,6-EPOXIDE
- CAPSANTHONE
- CAROTENOIDS
- CHLOROPHYLL
- CIS-CRYPTOXANTHIN
- CIS-BETA-CAROTENE
- CUCURBITACHROME
- CUCURBITAXANTHIN-A
- CUCURBITAXANTHIN-B
- CYCLOVIOLAXANTHIN
- 3-METHYL-1-PENTYL-3-METHYL-BUTYRATE
- 4-METHYL-1-PENTYL-2-METHYL-BUTYRATE
- ERIODICTIN
- FOLACIN
- FUNKIOSIDE C
- GLUTAMIC-ACID
- HESPERIDIN
- HEXANOIC-ACID
- HYDROXY-ALPHA-CAROTENE
- LINALOOL
- LITHIUM
- MALONIC-ACID
- METHIONINE
- N-HEXANAL
- N-NITROSO-DIMETHYLAMINE
- NONADECANE
- OCTANE
- PANTOTHENIC-ACID
- SERINE
- SILVER
- SOLANIDINE
- TERPINOLENE
- TETRADECANE
- TOCOPHEROL
- TRYPTOPHAN
- VALINE
- XANTHOPHYLL-EPOXIDE
- ZIRCONIUM
- 13-CIS-ZEAXANTHIN
- 15-CIS-ZEAXANTHIN
- 31-NORCYCLOARTANOL
- 9-CIS-ZEAXANTHIN
- KARPOXANTHIN
- LATOXANTHIN
- LUTEOXANTHIN-1
- LUTEOXANTHIN-2
- MUTATOXANTHIN-1
- MUTATOXANTHIN-2
- PHYLLOQUINONE
- PHYTOSTEROLS
- SALICYLATES
- 2-METHYL-BUTYRIC-ACID
- 4-ALPHA-24-DIMETHYL-CHOLESTA-7,24-DIEN-3-BETA-OL
- CAPSOCHROME
- ZETA-CAROTENE
- 3'-O-MYRISTOYLCAPSANTHIN
- 4-ALPHA-METHYL-24-ETHYL-CHOLESTA-7,24-DIEN-3-BETA-OL
- 5-HYDROXY-CAPSANTHIN-3,6-EPOXIDE
- ACETIC-ACID
- ACETOIN
- BENZALDEHYDE
- BUTANAL-2-METHYL
- BUTANAL-3-METHYL
- BUTANE-1,3-DIOL
- BUTANE-2,3-DIOL
- CAPSICOSIDE
- CAPSICOSIDE A-2
- CAPSICOSIDE A-3
- CAPSICOSIDE B-2
- CAPSICOSIDE C-2
- CAPSICOSIDE C-3
- CAPSICOSIDE E
- DIMETHOXY-BENZYLMETHYLOCTAMIDE
- GAMMA-BUTYROLACTONE
- O-CRESOL
- P-CRESOL
- 1,1-DIETHOXY-3-METHYLBUTANE
- 24-METHYL-LOPHENOL
- 24-METHYLENE-CYCLOARTANOL
- CRYPTOXANTHIN
- HISTIDINE
- LANOSTEROL
- LUTEOLIN-7-O-BETA-D-DIGLUCOSIDE
- PHYTOFLUENE
- PYRROLIDINE
- 1-HYDROXY-PROPAN-2-ONE
- 2-HYDROXY-3-METHYL-CYCLOPENT-2-EN-1-ONE
- 2-METHYL-PROPANAL
- 3-METHYL-CYCLOPENT-2-EN-1-ONE
- 4-ETHYL-GUAIACOL
- 4-METHYL-GUAIACOL
- 5-METHYL-FURFURAL
- ETHYL-ACETATE
- GUAIACOL
- LIGUSTRAZINE
- MALTOL
- NAPHTHALENE
- NONIVAMIDE
- PHENOL
- PROPIONIC-ACID
- PYRIDINE
- 1,1-DIETHOXY-2-METHYLPROPANE
- 1-METHYLPYRROLE-KETONE
- RUBIXANTHIN
- RUTIN
Legality
Country-specific legal status is not documented in this record.
Consult the CITES species checklist for international trade protections and listings. This is not a complete statement of local law.
Reference images
Sources
Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases · CC0
GBIF Backbone Taxonomy · CC BY 4.0
show claim source mapping
CC0 · Dr. Duke raw CSV archive
Contributions and revisions
No published revisions are documented for this record. Community submissions enter review and retain attribution before any published change.
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