botanical record · discovered
Black Pepper
Piper nigrum
Black Pepper · Pepper · White Pepper · Black Pepper (EN) · Black pepper · Pfeffer · Pimienta negra (ES) · Poivrier noir · Poivrier noir, Poivre, Poivre blanc, Poivre noir, Poivre vert, Poivrier · Schwarzer Pfeffer (DE) · Vilivili · black pepper · hu jiao · koshō · koshō · pepe
At a glance
Origin / distribution: Malaya, Ghana, China, Turkey, Uk(Wales), Germany, Java, US
Cultural traditions: not documented
Recorded uses: Abortifacient, Ache(Head), Antidote(Fish), Antidote(Mushroom)
Science studied: BENZOIC-ACID, BORON, BUTYRIC-ACID, 5,10(15)-CADINEN-4-OL
Research volume: 0 indexed records · volume only · methodology ↗
Legal status: Varies by jurisdiction; not assessed in this record.
Names and identity
Family: Piperaceae
Scientific name: Piper nigrum
Common names: Black Pepper, Pepper, White Pepper, Black Pepper (EN), Black pepper, Pfeffer, Pimienta negra (ES), Poivrier noir, Poivrier noir, Poivre, Poivre blanc, Poivre noir, Poivre vert, Poivrier, Schwarzer Pfeffer (DE), Vilivili, black pepper, hu jiao, koshō, koshō, pepe
History
The source record documents this plant in Malaya, Ghana, China, Elsewhere, Turkey, Uk(Wales), Germany, Java and 6 additional places.
It records these historical or traditional applications:
- Abortifacient
- Ache(Head)
- Antidote(Fish)
- Antidote(Mushroom)
- Antidote(Shellfish)
- Antioxidant
- Apertif
- Bactericide
show 38 more documented entries
- Cancer
- Cancer(Face)
- Cancer(Nose)
- Cancer(Stomach)
- Carminative
- Cholera
- Colic
- Corn
- Craw-Craw
- Digestive
- Dysentery
- Fever
- Fungicide
- Gonorrhea
- Groin
- Perfume
- Pungency
- Rubefacient
- Skin
- Sore(Throat)
- Sterilizant
- Stimulant
- Stomachic
- Tonic
- Vertigo
- Wen
- Diarrhea
- Swelling
- Coma
- Dhobi Itch
- Malaria
- Nausea
- Piles
- Poison
- Sore
- Spice
- Tumor(Abdomen)
- Dysuria
This summary is limited to the cited source record.
Origins and distribution
- Malaya
- Ghana
- China
- Elsewhere
- Turkey
- Uk(Wales)
- Germany
- Java
- US
- Egypt
- "
- India
show 2 more documented entries
- Asia
- UK
Documented cultural uses
- Abortifacient
- Ache(Head)
- Antidote(Fish)
- Antidote(Mushroom)
- Antidote(Shellfish)
- Antioxidant
- Apertif
- Bactericide
- Cancer
- Cancer(Face)
- Cancer(Nose)
- Cancer(Stomach)
show 34 more documented entries
- Carminative
- Cholera
- Colic
- Corn
- Craw-Craw
- Digestive
- Dysentery
- Fever
- Fungicide
- Gonorrhea
- Groin
- Perfume
- Pungency
- Rubefacient
- Skin
- Sore(Throat)
- Sterilizant
- Stimulant
- Stomachic
- Tonic
- Vertigo
- Wen
- Diarrhea
- Swelling
- Coma
- Dhobi Itch
- Malaria
- Nausea
- Piles
- Poison
- Sore
- Spice
- Tumor(Abdomen)
- Dysuria
Contemporary uses
Contemporary practice is not documented separately in this record.
Scientific research
Indexed records indicate research activity; they do not establish efficacy or safety.
Indexed research records
- Modification, analysis and properties of Piper nigrum polysaccharide. · 2025 source ↗
- Piper nigrum Has an Antitumor Effect Through Regulation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signaling Pathway in a Murine Model of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. · 2026 source ↗
- Deciphering Stress Resilience in Black Pepper (<i>Piper nigrum</i> L.): From Current Advances to Emerging Opportunities. · 2026 source ↗
Scientific compounds
Chemical presence is not evidence of clinical efficacy.
- BENZOIC-ACID
- BORON
- BUTYRIC-ACID
- 5,10(15)-CADINEN-4-OL
- CALAMENENE
- BETA-CAROTENE
- CIS-CARVEOL
- TRANS-CARVEOL
- CARYOPHYLLA-2,7(15)-DIEN-4-BETA-OL
- BETA-CARYOPHYLLENE-ALCOHOL
- CARYOPHYLLENE-KETONE
- CARYOPHYLLENE-OXIDE
- 1,8-CINEOLE
- CINNAMIC-ACID
- CITRONELLYL-ACETATE
- COPPER
show 286 more documented entries
- ALPHA-CUBEBINE
- BETA-CUBEBINE
- P-CYMENE-8-METHYL-ETHER
- P-CYMENE-8-OL
- DELTA-ELEMENE
- EPOXYDIHYDROCARYOPHYLLENE
- EUGENOL
- FIBER
- GABA
- ALPHA-GUAIENE
- HELIOTROPIN
- IODINE
- ISOCHAVINIC-ACID
- KILOCALORIES
- L-LIMONENE
- ALPHA-LINOLENIC-ACID
- MAGNESIUM
- 1,8-MENTHADIEN-2-OL
- 3,8(9)-P-MENTHADIEN-1-OL
- 1(7),2-P-MENTHADIEN-4-OL
- 1,8(9)-P-MENTHADIEN-5-OL
- 1,8(9)-P-MENTHADIEN-4-OL
- CIS-P-2-MENTHEN-1-OL
- M-METHYL-ACETOPHENONE
- 3-METHYL-BUTYRIC-ACID
- METHYL-CINNAMATE
- METHYL-EUGENOL
- METHYL-OCTANOATE
- 2-METHYL-PENTANOIC-ACID
- N-METHYL-PYRROLINE
- MYRISTIC-ACID
- OLEIC-ACID
- PERILLALDEHYDE
- PHOSPHORUS
- PHYTIN-PHOSPHORUS
- BETA-PINENE
- PIPERANINE
- PIPERETTINE
- PIPEROLEIN-A
- PIPEROLEIN-B
- PIPEROLEIN-C
- PIPERONIC-ACID
- PIPERYLINE
- PROTEIN
- RIBOFLAVIN
- SABINENE
- ALPHA-SANTALENE
- SILICA
- SULFUR
- 1-TERPINEN-4-OL
- GAMMA-TERPINENE
- ALPHA-TERPINEOL
- TERPINEN-4-OL
- THIAMIN
- ALPHA-THUJENE
- 1,1,4-TRIMETHYLCYCLOHEPTA-2,4-DIEN-6-ONE
- 4,10,10-TRIMETHYL-7-METHYLENE-BICYCLO-(6.2.0)DECANE-4-CAR...
- UBIQUINONE
- WATER
- DELTA-3-CARENE
- CARVETONACETONE
- BETA-CARYOPHYLLENE
- CHROMIUM
- ISOBUTYL-CAPROATE
- D-LIMONENE
- LINALYL-ACETATE
- MYRTENOL
- SESQUISABINENE
- 1-TERPINEN-5-OL
- ASCORBIC-ACID
- CARVACROL
- CHLORINE
- CITRAL
- CUBEBINE
- AR-CURCUMENE
- EO
- ISOCARYOPHYLLENE
- LAURIC-ACID
- 1(7),2-P-MENTHADIEN-6-OL
- 2,8-P-MENTHADIEN-1-OL
- METHYL-CAFFEIC-ACID-PIPERIDIDE
- METHYL-HEPTANOATE
- MYRTENAL
- NICKEL
- ALPHA-PINENE
- BETA-PINONE
- PIPERINE
- PIPERONAL
- POTASSIUM
- CIS-SABINENE-HYDRATE
- ALPHA-SELINENE
- STARCH
- ALPHA-TERPINENE
- N-TRIDECANE
- 2-UNDECANONE
- N-NONADECANE
- CARBOHYDRATE
- IRON
- PHYTOSTEROLS
- BORNEOL
- CAMPHENE
- CAMPHOR
- CARVONE
- TRANS-PINOCARVEOL
- P-CYMENE
- ELEMENE
- LIMONENE
- LINALOOL
- (Z)-OCIMENOL
- ALPHA-HUMULENE
- ALPHA-TRANS-BERGAMOTENE
- ASH
- BETA-BISABOLENE
- BETA-ELEMENE
- BETA-FARNESENE
- CALAMENE
- CALCIUM
- CARYOPHYLLA-2,7(15)-DIEN-4-OL
- CARYOPHYLLA-3(12),7(15)DIEN-4-BETA-OL
- CHAVICINE
- CIS-2,8-MENTHADIEN-2-OL
- CIS-OCIMENE
- CITRONELLAL
- COBALT
- CRYPTONE
- DELTA-CADINENE
- DIHYDROCARVEOL
- DIHYDROCARVONE
- FAT
- GAMMA-CADINENE
- GERANYL-ACETATE
- HEXANOIC-ACID
- ISOBUTYL-ISOVALERATE
- ISOPULEGOL
- L-ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE
- LIMONEN-4-OL
- LINOLEIC-ACID
- MANGANESE
- METHYL-CARVACROL
- METHYL-CYCLOHEPTA-2,4-DIEN-6-ONE
- N-BUTYOPHENONE
- MYRCENE
- MYRISTICIN
- N-NONANE
- NEROLIDOL
- NIACIN
- OXALIC-ACID
- P-METHYL-ACETOPHENONE
- PALMITIC-ACID
- PHENYLACETIC-ACID
- RESIN
- SAFROLE
- SODIUM
- TERPINYL-ACETATE
- TRANS-SABINENE-HYDRATE
- ZINC
- BETA-SITOSTEROL
- CAMPESTEROL
- HENTRIACONTAN-16-ONE
- ISOCHAVICINE
- ISOPIPERINE
- KAEMPFEROL
- MONOTERPENES
- N-FORMYLPIPERIDINE
- QUERCETIN
- RHAMNETIN
- SALICYLATES
- SESQUITERPENES
- STIGMASTEROL
- ALPHA-CIS-BERGAMOTENE
- ALPHA-COPAENE
- 3,4-DIHYDROXY-6-(N-ETHYL-AMINO)-BENZAMIDE
- ACETOPHENONE
- ACETYL-CHOLINE
- ALPHA-AMORPHENE
- ALPHA-BISABOLENE
- ALPHA-BULNESENE
- ALPHA-CUBEBENE
- ASTRAGALIN
- BETA-BISABOLOL
- BETA-CUBEBENE
- CAFFEIC-ACID
- CAR-3-ENE
- CARVONE-OXIDE
- CARYOPHYLLENE
- CARYOPHYLLENE-ALCOHOL
- CEDROL
- CHOLINE
- CITRONELLOL
- CLOVENE
- CUPARENE
- P-COUMARIC-ACID
- P-CYMEN-8-OL
- (-)-CUBEBIN
- (-)-3,4-DIMETHOXY-3,4-DEMETHYLENEDIOXY-CUBEBIN
- N-(2-METHYLPROPYL)-DECA-TRANS-2-TRANS-4-DIENAMIDE
- N-ISOBUTYL-EICOSA-TRANS-2-TRANS-4-CIS-8-TRIENAMIDE
- N-ISOBUTYL-EICOSA-TRANS-2-TRANS-4-DIENAMIDE
- ALPHA-GURJUNENE
- ELEMOL
- EUGENOL-METHYL-ETHER
- FERUPERINE
- GERANIOL-ACETATE
- GERMACRENE-B
- GERMACRENE-D
- GLOBULOL
- GUINEENSINE
- HENTRIACONTAN-16-OL
- HYPEROSIDE
- KAEMPFEROL-3-O-ARABINOSYL-7-O-RHAMNOSIDE
- M-MENTHA-3(8),6-DIENE
- N-HENTRIACONTANE
- N-HEPTADECANE
- N-HEPTADECENE
- P-MENTH-8-EN-1-OL
- P-MENTH-8-EN-2-OL
- P-MENTH-CIS-2-EN-1-OL
- P-MENTH-TRANS-2-EN-1-OL
- (+)-LIMONENE
- DL-LIMONENE
- BETA-SELINENE
- GAMMA-MUUROLENE
- PIPERIDINE
- TERPINOLENE
- (-)-PHELLANDRENE
- 1-ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE
- 1-PIPERYL-PYRROLIDINE
- 2-TRANS-4-TRANS-8-TRANS-PIPERAMIDE-C-9-3
- 2-TRANS-6-TRANS-PIPERAMIDE-C-7-2
- 2-TRANS-8-TRANS-PIPERAMIDE-C-9-2
- 2-TRANS-PIPERAMIDE-C-5-1
- 4-METHYL-TRITRIACONTANE
- 6-TRANS-PIPERAMIDE-C-7-1
- 8-TRANS-PIPERAMIDE-C-9-1
- ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE
- ALPHA-TERPINEOL ACETATE
- ALPHA-ZINGIBERENE
- BETA-PHELLANDRENE
- CIS-NEROLIDOL
- CIS-TRANS-PIPERINE
- DIHYDROPIPERCIDE
- ISOQUERCITRIN
- N-5-(4-HYDROXY-3-METHOXY-PHENYL)-PENT-TRANS-2-DIENOYL-PIPERIDINE
- N-ISOBUTYL-11-(3,4-METHYLENEDIOXY-PHENYL)-UNDECA-TRANS-2-TRANS-4-TRANS-10-TRIENAMIDE
- N-ISOBUTYL-13-(3,4-METHYLENEDIOXY-PHENYL)-TRIDECA-TRANS-2-TRANS-4-TRANS-12-TRIENAMIDE
- N-ISOBUTYL-OCTADECA-TRANS-2-TRANS-4-DIENAMIDE
- N-PENTADECANE
- N-PENTADECENE
- N-TRANS-FERULOYL-PIPERIDINE
- NEROL-ACETATE
- OCIMENE
- PELLITORINE
- PIPERCIDE
- PIPERICINE
- PIPERITONE
- PIPEROLEINE-B
- PIPERYLIN
- PYRROLIDINE
- PYRROPERINE
- QUERCETIN-3-O-ALPHA-D-GALACTOSIDE
- QUERCITRIN
- RETROFRACTAMIDE-A
- RHAMNETIN-O-TRIGLUCOSIDE
- RUTIN
- SPATHULENOL
- TERPIN-1-EN-4-OL
- THUJENE
- TRANS-CIS-PIPERINE
- TRANS-NEROLIDOL
- TRANS-TRANS-PIPERINE
- TRICHOSTACHINE
- 1-(2,4-DECADIENOYL)-PYRROLIDINE
- 1-(2,4-DODECADIENOYL)-PYRROLIDINE
- ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL
- CUMAPERINE
- LIPASE
- POLYSACCHARIDES
- TOCOPHEROLS
- 4-METHYL-TRIACONTANE
- ARACHIDIC-ACID
- BEHENIC-ACID
- FLUORIDE
- HENTRIACONTANE
- HENTRIACONTANOL
- HENTRIACONTANONE
- STEARIC-ACID
Legality
Country-specific legal status is not documented in this record.
Consult the CITES species checklist for international trade protections and listings. This is not a complete statement of local law.
Reference images
Sources
Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases · CC0
GBIF Backbone Taxonomy · CC BY 4.0
show claim source mapping
CC0 · Dr. Duke raw CSV archive
Contributions and revisions
No published revisions are documented for this record. Community submissions enter review and retain attribution before any published change.
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