botanical record · discovered

Grapefruit

Citrus paradisi

Grapefruit · Paradisapfel · grapefruit · paradise citrus · pomelo · toronja · yuan you · grapefrukt

At a glance

Origin / distribution: US(TX), AI, MG, MX, NO, RW, SC, US

Cultural traditions: not documented

Recorded uses: Cold, Germicide, Infection, Soap

Science studied: ACETIC-ACID, ESCULETIN, ALUMINUM, ALPHA-AMINO-BUTYRIC-ACID

Research volume: 0 indexed records · volume only · methodology ↗

Legal status: Varies by jurisdiction; not assessed in this record.

Names and identity

Family: Rutaceae

Scientific name: Citrus paradisi

Common names: Grapefruit, Paradisapfel, grapefruit, paradise citrus, pomelo, toronja, yuan you, grapefrukt

History

The source record documents this plant in Elsewhere, US(TX), AI, MG, MX, NO, RW, SC and 1 additional place.

It records these historical or traditional applications:

Cold
Germicide
Infection
Soap
Cancer

This summary is limited to the cited source record.

Origins and distribution

Elsewhere
US(TX)
AI
MG
MX
NO
RW
SC
US

Documented cultural uses

Cold
Germicide
Infection
Soap
Cancer

Contemporary uses

Contemporary practice is not documented separately in this record.

Scientific research

Indexed records indicate research activity; they do not establish efficacy or safety.

Indexed research records

Optimized microwave pretreatment and ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction for efficient valorization of Citrus paradisi peel bioactives. · 2026 source ↗
Extracts From Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) Peel via Microwave-Assisted and Conventional Extractions: Evaluation of Nosema Infection and Toxicity in Honey Bees. · 2026 source ↗
MnFe2O4 Nanoparticles Synthesized via Citrus paradisi Extract: A Novel Green Platform for High-Sensitivity Electrochemical Sulfite Detection. · 2026 source ↗

Scientific compounds

Chemical presence is not evidence of clinical efficacy.

ACETIC-ACID
ESCULETIN
ALUMINUM
ALPHA-AMINO-BUTYRIC-ACID
APIGENIN-7-O-BETA-D-RUTINOSIDE
ARGININE
ARSENIC
ASH
ASPARTIC-ACID
BARIUM
BERGAPTOL
BRAYLIN
BROMINE
CAFFEINE
CAMPESTEROL
CARBOHYDRATES

show 309 more documented entries

ALPHA-CAROTENE
GAMMA-CAROTENE
PSI-CAROTENE
ZETA-CAROTENE
CHALCONASE
CHLORINE
CHOLESTEROL
CITRAL
CITRIC-ACID
CITROSTADIENOL
CONIFERIN
COPPER
CRYPTOXANTHIN
CYCLOARTENOL
CYCLOEUCALENOL
(+)-ALPHA-CYPERONE
DEACETYL-NOMILIN
DEACETYL-NOMILINIC-ACID-17-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE
DECYLIC-ACID
(+)-8,9-DIDEHYDRO-NOOTKATONE
5,6-DIHYDROERGOSTEROL
DIHYDROKAEMPFEROL
5-(6,7-DIHYDROXY-3,7-DIMETHYL-2-OCTENYL)-OXYPSORALEN
4',5-DIHYDROXY-FLAVONONE-7-O-BETA-D-RHAMNOSYL-GLUCOSIDE
5-(3,7-DIMETHYL-6-EPOXY-2-OCTENYL)-OXYPSORALEN
N-DODECASANE
N-DOTRIACONTANE
EO
ERIODICTYOL
3,7(11)-EUDESMADIEN-2-ONE
FAT
FERULIC-ACID
FERULOYL-PUTRESINE
FLUORINE
FRIEDELIN
FRUCTOSE
GALACTAN
GERANIAL
GERANIOL
7-GERANYL-OXYCOUMARIN
GERANYL-ACETATE
2-H-1:8(3-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYL-OXY-2-HYDROXY-3-METHYL-BUTYL)-7-METHOXY-BENZOPYRAN-2-ONE
GLUCOSAN
GLUCOSE
GLYCINE
N-HENEICOSANE
N-HENTRIACONTANE
N-HEPTACOSANE
HESPERETIN
HESPERIDIN
3',4',5,6,7,8-HEXAMETHOXYFLAVONE
HORDENENE
3-HYDROXY-ETHYL-HEXANOATE
5-HYDROXY-4'-METHOXY-FLAVANONE-7-O-BETA-D-RHAMNOSYL-GLUCOSIDE
ISO-OBACUNOIC-ACID-17-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE
(+)-6-ISO-PROPENYL-4,8-ALPHA-DIMETHYL-4-ALPHA-(R)-5,6-(R)-7,8,8-ALPHA(R)-HEXAHYDRO-2-(1H)NAPTHALENONE
ISORHOIFOLIN
ISOSAKURANETIN
KAEMPFEROL
LEAD
LEUCINES
LIMONIN
LIMONOATE-A-RING-LACTONE
LIMONOL
CIS-LINALOOL-OXIDE
LINALYL-ACETATE
LITHIUM
LUTEIN
LYCOPENE
LYSINE
MALIC-ACID
MALONIC-ACID
MANGANESE
P-MENTH-1-ENE-8-THIOL
MERANZIN
MERCURY
METHIONINE
7-METHOXY-8(2,3-DIHYDROXY-ISOPENTYL)-COUMARIN
24-METHYLENE-CYCLOARTENOL
24-METHYLENE-LOPHENOL
N-METHYL-TYRAMINE
MOLYBDENUM
NARINGENIN-RUTINOSIDE
NARINGENIN-7-BETA-(4-BETA-D-GLUCOSYL)-NEOHESPERIDOSIDE
NARINGENIN-7-BETA-(4-BETA-D-GLUCOSYL)-RUTINOSIDE
NARINGIN
NARINGIN-4-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE
NEOHESPERIDIN
NERAL
NIACIN
NICKEL
NOMILINIC-ACID
NOMILINIC-ACID-17-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE
N-NONYL-ALCOHOL
(+)-NOOTKATONE
TRANS-OBACUNOIC-ACID-17-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE
OBACUNONE
N-OCTACOSANE
OCTOPAMINE
N-OCTYL-ALCOHOL
OCTYL-ALDEHYDE
OCTYLIC-ACID
OSTHOL
PALMITIC-ACID
PALMITOLEIC-ACID
PARADISIOL
N-PENTACOSANE
4',5,6,7,8-PENTAMETHOXY-FLAVONE
PENTAN-1-OL
PHENYLALANINE
PHLOROGLUCINOL
PHOSPHORUS
PHYTOFLUENE
ALPHA-PINENE
POLYGALACTURONIC-ACID
PONCITRIN
POTASSIUM
PROTEIN
QUERCETIN
QUINIC-ACID
RIBOFLAVIN
RUBIDIUM
SELENIUM
SERINE
SESELIN
SILICON
SILVER
BETA-SITOSTEROL
SODIUM
SUBEROSIN
SUGARS
SYNEPHERINE
4',5,6,7-TETRAHYDROXY-FLAVONE-8-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE
N-TETRATRIACONTANE
THREONINE
TITANIUM
N-TRIACONTANE
4',5,7-TRIHYDROXY-FLAVONE-6-C-GLUCOSIDE
TYRAMINE
UMBELLIFERONE
URONIC-ACID
WATER
XANTHOXYLETIN
XANTHYLETIN
XYLOSE
ZINC
VALINE
CATECHOL
PHLORIN
SALICYLATES
SUBAPHYLLIN
ASPARAGINE
BORON
CAFFEIC-ACID
1,10-DIHYDRO-ALPHA-VETIVONE
N-EICOSANE
ISOMERANZIN
7-METHOXY-8(2,3-EPOXY-ISOPENTENYL)-COUMARIN
OXALIC-ACID
PECTIN
STRONTIUM
N-TETRACOSANE
TIN
ARABAN
ASCORBIC-ACID
BERGAMOTTIN
D-CADINENE
CALCIUM
CHROMIUM
COBALT
P-COUMARIC-ACID
CYSTINE
DECYL-ALDEHYDE
(+)-8,9-DIDEHYDRO-ALPHA-VETIVONE
7-(3,7-DIMETHYL-6-EPOXY-OCT-TRANS-2-ENYL)-OXYCOUMARIN
EPI-ISO-OBACUNOIC-ACID-17-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE
FIBER
GALACTURONIC-ACID
GERANYL-OXY-PYRANOCOUMARIN
GLUTAMIC-ACID
HEPTULOSE
N-HEXACOSANE
HUMULENE
IRON
ISORHAMNETIN
KILOCALORIES
D-LIMONENE
LINALOL
ALPHA-LINOLENIC-ACID
MAGNESIUM
MANNOSE
METHYL-ANTHRALINATE
MYRCENE
NARINGENIN
NARINGENIN-7-O-BETA-D-RUTINOSIDE
NARIRUTIN
NEUROSPORENE
NOMILIN
N-NONACOSANE
N-OCTYL-ACETATE
OLEIC-ACID
PANTOTHENIC-ACID
N-PENTATRIACONTANE
PHYTOENE
PONCIRIN
PROLINE
RHOIFOLIN
SCOPOLETIN
SESLIN
SINAPIC-ACID
STIGMASTEROL
SULFUR
THIAMIN
ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL
TRYPTOPHAN
(+)-ALPHA-VETIVONE
XYLAN
ZIRCONIUM
TYROSINE
ALPHA-CRYPTOXANTHIN
BETA-CAROTENE
DEOXY-LIMONOL
HISTIDINE
SUCROSE
ALANINE
CADMIUM
LINOLEIC-ACID
NITROGEN
STEARIC-ACID
7-OBACUNOL
AESCULETIN
BYANGELICIN
P-CAFFEIC-ACID
CARVYL-ACETATE
CITRONELLAL
CITRONELLYL-ACETATE
COUMARINS
1,8-P-MENTHADIEN-2-YL-ACETATE
1,8-P-MENTHADIEN-9-YL-ACETATE
5-(3,6-DIMETHYL-6-FORMYL-2-HEPTENYL)-OXYPSORALEN
7-GERANOXYCOUMARIN
ALPHA-COPAENE
ALPHA-CUBEBENE
ALPHA-FARNESENE
ALPHA-HUMULENE
ALPHA-MUUROLENE
ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE
ALPHA-SINENSAL
ALPHA-TERPINENE
ALPHA-TERPINEOL
ALPHA-THUJENE
ALPHA-YLANGENE
BETA-BISABOLENE
BETA-COPAENE
BETA-CARYOPHYLLENE
BETA-CUBEBENE
BETA-HUMULENE
BETA-PHELLANDRENE
BETA-PINENE
BETA-SINENSAL
BISABOLENE
CADINENE
CARVEOL
CIS-BETA-FARNESENE
CITRONELLOL
COPAENE
DECANAL
DECANOL
DECYL-ACETATE
DELTA-3-CARENE
DELTA-CADINENE
DODECANAL
ELEMENE
GAMMA-CADINENE
GAMMA-TERPINENE
GERMACRENE-D
HEX-1-EN-3-OL
INTERMEDEOL
ISOPULEGOL
LIMETTIN
MARMIN
MONOTERPENES
NEROL
NERYL-ACETATE
NONANAL
NONANOL
NOOTKATONE
OCTANOL
P-CYMENE
PERILLALDEHYDE
PERILLYL-ACETATE
PHYLLOQUINONE
PHYTOSTEROLS
SABINENE
SESQUITERPENES
TERPINEN-4-OL
TERPINOLENE
TRANS-ALPHA-BERGAMOTENE
TRANS-LINALOL-OXIDE
TRANS-CARYOPHYLLENE
UNDECANAL
VALENCENE
(E)-BETA-OCIMENE
(Z)-BETA-OCIMENE
CAMPHENE
CARYOPHYLLENE
LIMONENE
MERANZIN-HYDRATE
(-)-10-EPI-ALPHA-CYPERONE

Legality

Country-specific legal status is not documented in this record.

Consult the CITES species checklist for international trade protections and listings. This is not a complete statement of local law.

Reference images

Sources

Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases · CC0

GBIF Backbone Taxonomy · CC BY 4.0

show claim source mapping

identity · DH-SRC-0030
documented_uses · DH-SRC-0030
compounds · DH-SRC-0030
taxonomy · DH-SRC-GBIF · source ↗
common_names · DH-SRC-GBIF · source ↗
countries · DH-SRC-GBIF · source ↗

CC0 · Dr. Duke raw CSV archive

Contributions and revisions

No published revisions are documented for this record. Community submissions enter review and retain attribution before any published change.

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