botanical record · discovered
Ma Huang
Ephedra sinica
Ma Huang · Chinese Ephedra · Cao Ma Huang · Chinese Zeedruif · Chinese ephedra · Chinese joint-fir · Chinesisches Meerträubel · Kiinanefedra · Ma-huang · Thảo Ma Hoàng · cao ma huang · cao ma-huang · chvojník čínsky · chvojník čínský · kinesisk efedra · ma huang
At a glance
Origin / distribution: Japan*, China
Cultural traditions: not documented
Recorded uses: Antitussive, Arthritis, Asthma, Bronchitis
Science studied: ASH, CALCIUM, CARBOHYDRATES, COBALT
Research volume: 0 indexed records · volume only · methodology ↗
Legal status: Varies by jurisdiction; not assessed in this record.
Names and identity
Family: Ephedraceae
Scientific name: Ephedra sinica
Common names: Ma Huang, Chinese Ephedra, Cao Ma Huang, Chinese Zeedruif, Chinese ephedra, Chinese joint-fir, Chinesisches Meerträubel, Kiinanefedra, Ma-huang, Thảo Ma Hoàng, cao ma huang, cao ma-huang, chvojník čínsky, chvojník čínský, kinesisk efedra, ma huang
POWO: 383460-1 · WCVP June 2026 / POWO backbone
History
The source record documents this plant in Japan*, China.
It records these historical or traditional applications:
- Antitussive
- Arthritis
- Asthma
- Bronchitis
- Cold
- Cough
- Diaphoretic
- Edema
show 14 more documented entries
- Febrifuge
- Fever
- Flu
- Lung
- Oliguria
- Poison
- Sweating
- Trachitis
- Typhoid
- Dyspnea
- Anodyne
- Hayfever
- Night-Sweat
- Swelling
This summary is limited to the cited source record.
Origins and distribution
- Japan*
- China
Documented cultural uses
- Antitussive
- Arthritis
- Asthma
- Bronchitis
- Cold
- Cough
- Diaphoretic
- Edema
- Febrifuge
- Fever
- Flu
- Lung
show 10 more documented entries
- Oliguria
- Poison
- Sweating
- Trachitis
- Typhoid
- Dyspnea
- Anodyne
- Hayfever
- Night-Sweat
- Swelling
Cultural record detail
These entries are transcribed from the cited ethnobotanical source; they do not represent current advice or a claim of efficacy.
- Antitussive · Japan* · "
- Arthritis · China · "
- Asthma · China · "
- Bronchitis · China · "
- Cold · China · "
- Cough · China · "
- Diaphoretic · Japan* · "
- Edema · China · "
- Febrifuge · Japan* · "
- Fever · China · "
- Flu · China · "
- Lung · China · "
- Oliguria · China · "
- Poison · China · "
- Sweating · China · "
- Trachitis · China · "
- Typhoid · China · "
- Dyspnea · China · "
- Anodyne · China · "
- Hayfever · China · "
- Night-Sweat · China · "
- Swelling · China · "
Contemporary uses
Contemporary practice is not documented separately in this record.
Scientific research
Indexed records indicate research activity; they do not establish efficacy or safety.
Indexed research records
- Ephedplics E-I: three lignans and two benzofuran-type compounds from the roots of Ephedra sinica Stapf and their neuroprotective activity. · 2026 source ↗
- The characteristics of metabolites accumulation and their connections with endophytic fungi in roots and stems of Ephedra sinica with different cultivation ages. · 2026 source ↗
- Transforming growth factor Beta/Smad3/GATA3 axis mediates the therapeutic effect of Ephedra sinica Stapf polysaccharide in allergic rhinitis. · 2026 source ↗
Scientific compounds
Chemical presence is not evidence of clinical efficacy.
- ASH
- CALCIUM
- CARBOHYDRATES
- COBALT
- ELLAGIC-ACID
- EO
- EPHEDRADINE-C
- EPHEDRINE
- L-EPHEDRINE
- FERULOYLHISTAMINE
- GALLIC-ACID
- MAGNESIUM
- MANGANESE
- L-N-METHYL-EPHEDRINE
- NIACIN
- NONACOSAN-10-OL
show 138 more documented entries
- L-NOREPHEDRINE
- D-NORPSEUDOEPHEDRINE
- PROTEIN
- RIBOFLAVIN
- SODIUM
- THIAMIN
- TROCOSAN-1-OL
- ZINC
- FIBER
- POTASSIUM
- ALUMINUM
- CHROMIUM
- EPHEDRADINE-A
- KILOCALORIES
- D-N-METHYL-PSEUDOEPHEDRINE
- ALKALOIDS
- BETA-CAROTENE
- EPHEDRADINE-B
- FAT
- IRON
- MAOKONINE
- NONACOSANE
- PHOSPHORUS
- SELENIUM
- L-ALPHA-TERPINEOL
- ASCORBIC-ACID
- APIGENIN
- APIGENIN-5-O-RHAMNOSIDE
- METHYLBENZYLAMINE
- DIHYDROCARVEOL
- 1-ACETYL-1,3-DIMETHYLCYCLOHEX-3-ENE
- CYCLOHEX-3-ENE-1-CARBOXALDEHYDE
- ALPHA-ALPHA-4-TRIMETHYLCYCLOHEX-3-ENE-1-METHANOL
- (+)-ISOEPHEDRINE
- METHYLEPHEDRINE
- (+)-METHYLEPHEDRINE
- N-METHYL-EPHEDRINE
- NOR-EPHEDRINE
- NOR-PSEUDOEPHEDRINE
- PSEUDOEPHEDRINE
- (+)-PSEUDOEPHEDRINE
- FLUORIDE
- HERBACETIN
- 3-METHOXYHERBACETIN
- KAEMPFEROL
- KAEMPFEROL-RHAMNOSIDE
- LIGUSTRAZINE
- P-MENTH-2-EN-7-OL
- MYRCENE
- OXALIC-ACID
- 2,3,5,6-TETRAMETHYLPYRAZINE
- HYDROXYSUCCINIC-ACID
- TERPINEN-4-OL
- ALPHA-TERPINEOL
- BETA-TERPINEOL
- TRICIN
- SILICON
- TIN
- EPHEDROXANE
- WATER
- D-PSEUDOEPHEDRINE
- (+)-N-METHYLPSEUDOEPHEDRINE
- EPSILON-EPHEDRINE
- (N)-METHYL-EPSILON-EPHEDRINE
- ACETIC-ACID
- ACETONE
- ANISALDEHYDE
- BENZALDEHYDE
- BENZENE
- BENZOIC-ACID
- BUTAN-1-OL
- DELTA-CADINENE
- CALAMENENE
- BETA-CARYOPHYLLENE
- 1,4-CINEOLE
- CINNAMYL-ALCOHOL
- CITRONELLOL
- COPAENE
- P-CRESOL
- ALPHA-CURCUMENE
- DECANOIC-ACID
- 2,3-DIHYDRO-2-METHYLBENZOFURAN
- EICOSANE
- ELEMICIN
- ETHANOL
- ETHYL-ACETATE
- 2-ETHYLPHENOL
- EUGENOL
- FURFURAL
- HENEICOSANE
- HEPTANOIC-ACID
- HEXANAL
- 2-HYDROXY-5-METHOXY-ACETOPHENONE
- BETA-IONONE
- ISOBUTYROPHENONE
- ISOMENTHOL
- 4-ISOPROPYL-ACETOPHENONE
- LINALOL
- LONGIFOLENE
- P-MENTHA-1,5-DIEN-7-OL
- CIS-P-MENTH-2-EN-7-OL
- TRANS-P-MENTH-2-EN-7-OL
- METHYL-BUTANOATE
- 1-METHYL-3,4-DIHYDROPYRROLOPYRAZINE
- METHYL-EUGENOL
- 1-METHYL-4-ISOPROPYLBENZENE
- METHYL-PHENYL-CARBINOL
- 2-METHYL-PROPAN-1-OL
- 4-METHYL-1-(1-PROPENYL)-BENZENE
- MYRISTICIN
- NONADECANE
- NONANAL
- NONANOIC-ACID
- OCTADECANE
- OCTANOIC-ACID
- PERILLYL-ACETATE
- SAFROLE
- STYRENE
- ALPHA-TERPINENE
- BETA-TERPINENE
- TETRAMETHYL-PYRAZINE
- ALPHA-THUJENE
- 3,7,11-TRIMETHYL-2,6,10-DODECATRIEN-1-OL
- 1,2,3-TRIMETHYL-5-(2-PROPENYL)-BENZENE
- TRIMETHYL-PYRAZINE
- UNDECANE
- VERBENOL
- LIMONENE
- PULEGONE
- (-)-ALPHA-TERPINEOL
- (-)-EPHEDRINE
- (-)-EPICATECHIN
- (-)-EPIGALLOCATECHIN
- (-)-METHYLEPHEDRINE
- (-)-NOR-EPHEDRINE
- FIBER(CRUDE)
- FIBER(DIETARY)
- THIAMINE
Legality
No exact international trade listing was returned by the CITES checklist for this accepted name. Country-specific law is not assessed here.
Consult the CITES species checklist for current international and national requirements.
Reference images
Sources
Plants of the World Online (POWO) · Kew data terms; cite POWO/WCVP
World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) · CC BY 3.0
show claim source mapping
- identity · DH-SRC-0030
- documented_uses · DH-SRC-0030
- compounds · DH-SRC-0030
- taxonomy · DH-SRC-GBIF · source ↗
- common_names · DH-SRC-GBIF · source ↗
- countries · DH-SRC-GBIF · source ↗
- wfo_taxonomy · DH-SRC-0003 · source ↗
- cultural_records · DH-SRC-0030 · source ↗
- powo_taxonomy · DH-SRC-0001 · source ↗
- wcvp_taxonomy · DH-SRC-0002 · source ↗
CC0 · Dr. Duke raw CSV archive
Contributions and revisions
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