botanical record · discovered
Orange
Citrus sinensis
Orange · Valencia orange · apfelsine · naranja · navel orange · sweet orange
At a glance
Origin / distribution: China, Trinidad, Turkey, US(NY), Angola, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Guatemala
Cultural traditions: not documented
Recorded uses: Abdomen, Abscess, Ache(Ear), Ache(Stomach)
Science studied: ACETIC-ACID, ALANINE, GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID, ANTHERAXANTHIN
Research volume: 0 indexed records · volume only · methodology ↗
Legal status: Varies by jurisdiction; not assessed in this record.
Names and identity
Family: Rutaceae
Scientific name: Citrus sinensis
Common names: Orange, Valencia orange, apfelsine, naranja, navel orange, sweet orange
History
The source record documents this plant in China, Elsewhere, Trinidad, Turkey, US(NY), Angola, Dominican Republic, Haiti and 15 additional places.
It records these historical or traditional applications:
- Abdomen
- Abscess
- Ache(Ear)
- Ache(Stomach)
- Acne
- Antiseptic
- Anus
- Astringent
show 39 more documented entries
- Bilious
- Breast
- Cancer
- Carminative
- Chest
- Cold
- Cough
- Diarrhea
- Dysentery
- Dyspepsia
- Expectorant
- Fever
- Flu
- Hematochezia
- Infection
- Nervine
- Perfume
- Pneumonia
- Prolapse
- Puerperium
- Sedative
- Spasm
- Spleen
- Stimulant
- Stomachic
- Sudorific
- Thrush
- Tonic
- Ache(Tooth)
- Tumor
- Vermifuge
- Water
- Liqueur
- Nausea
- Anorexia
- Apertif
- Circulation
- Nypnotic
- Uterus
This summary is limited to the cited source record.
Origins and distribution
- China
- Elsewhere
- Trinidad
- Turkey
- US(NY)
- Angola
- Dominican Republic
- Haiti
- Guatemala
- Spain
- AI
- BE
show 11 more documented entries
- BR
- CO
- CR
- DK
- FR
- GB
- HR
- KM
- NL
- PE
- YE
Documented cultural uses
- Abdomen
- Abscess
- Ache(Ear)
- Ache(Stomach)
- Acne
- Antiseptic
- Anus
- Astringent
- Bilious
- Breast
- Cancer
- Carminative
show 35 more documented entries
- Chest
- Cold
- Cough
- Diarrhea
- Dysentery
- Dyspepsia
- Expectorant
- Fever
- Flu
- Hematochezia
- Infection
- Nervine
- Perfume
- Pneumonia
- Prolapse
- Puerperium
- Sedative
- Spasm
- Spleen
- Stimulant
- Stomachic
- Sudorific
- Thrush
- Tonic
- Ache(Tooth)
- Tumor
- Vermifuge
- Water
- Liqueur
- Nausea
- Anorexia
- Apertif
- Circulation
- Nypnotic
- Uterus
Cultural record detail
These entries are transcribed from the cited ethnobotanical source; they do not represent current advice or a claim of efficacy.
- Abdomen · China · "
- Abscess · China · "
- Ache(Ear) · Elsewhere · "
- Ache(Stomach) · Trinidad · "
- Acne · Elsewhere · "
- Antiseptic · Turkey · "
- Anus · China · "
- Astringent · Elsewhere · "
- Astringent · Trinidad · "
- Bilious · Elsewhere · "
- Bilious · Turkey · "
- Breast · China · "
- Cancer · US(NY) · "
- Carminative · Elsewhere · "
- Chest · China · "
- Cold · China · "
- Cough · China · "
- Diarrhea · China · "
- Dysentery · Trinidad · "
- Dyspepsia · China · "
- Dyspepsia · Elsewhere · "
- Dyspepsia · Trinidad · "
- Expectorant · Trinidad · "
- Fever · Angola · "
36 additional documented entries remain in the source record.
Contemporary uses
Contemporary practice is not documented separately in this record.
Scientific research
Indexed records indicate research activity; they do not establish efficacy or safety.
Indexed research records
- Somatic selection shapes mutation accumulation in Citrus sinensis. · 2026 source ↗
- CsSSU I differentially modulates plastidial prenyltransferases linked to coloration and aroma in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.). · 2026 source ↗
- Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Loaded Hydrogel Dressing Accelerates Wound Healing. · 2026 source ↗
Scientific compounds
Chemical presence is not evidence of clinical efficacy.
- ACETIC-ACID
- ALANINE
- GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC-ACID
- ANTHERAXANTHIN
- BETA-APO-CAROTEN-8-AL
- APOVIOLAXANTH-10'-AL
- ARABAN
- ARSENIC
- ASPARTIC-ACID
- AURAXANTHIN
- BERGAPTOL
- BETAINE
- BORON
- BUTYRIC-ACID
- CAFFEIC-ACID
- CALCIUM
show 378 more documented entries
- CAMPESTEROL
- CAPRIC-ACID
- CAPRYLIC-ACID
- CARBOHYDRATES
- TAU-CAROTENE
- ZETA-CAROTENE
- CHLORINE
- CHOLINE
- CITRABASINE
- CITRIC-ACID
- CITRONELLAL
- CITRUSINS
- CITRUSININE-I
- COBALT
- CONIFERIN
- P-COUMARIC-ACID
- CRYPTOXANTHIN
- BETA-CUBEBENE
- CYSTINE
- DELPHINIDIN-3-GLUCOSIDE
- 2,4-TRANS,TRANS-O-FERULOYL-GLUCARIC-ACID
- DIOSMETIN-7-O-ALPHA-L-RHAMNO-GLUCOSIDE
- DODECANAL
- BETA-ELEMENE
- EO
- 5,8-EPOXY-5,8-DIHYDRO-8'-APO-BETA-CAROTEN-3,10-DIOL
- ETHANOL
- ETHYL-ACETATE
- ETHYL-BUTYRATE
- ETHYL-SUBERENOL
- FARNESENE
- FAT
- FLAVOXANTHIN
- FLUORINE
- FOLACIN
- GALACTOSE
- GALACTURONIC-ACID
- GLUCOSAN
- GLUTAMINE
- GLYCINE
- HEPTANAL
- HEXANAL
- TRANS-2-HEXENOL
- HISTIDINE
- HORDENINE
- ALPHA-HYDROXY-CAROTENE
- 3-HYDROXY-ETHYL-HEXANOATE
- ISOCAPROIC-ACID
- ISOLEUCINE
- ISOPENTENYL-PSORALENS
- ISOSAKURANETIN
- LIMONEXIC-ACID
- LINOLEIC-ACID
- LITHIUM
- LOCHNOCARPOL-A
- LUTEOLIN-7-O-ALPHA-L-RHAMNO-GLUCOSIDE
- LYSINE
- MAGNESIUM
- MALONIC-ACID
- MERANZINE
- METHIONINE
- METHYL-BUTYRATE
- MYRCENE
- NARINGENIN
- NARINGENIN-RUTINOSIDE
- NARINGENIN-4-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE
- NEOPONCIRIN
- NERYL-FORMATE
- NEUROSPORIN
- NICKEL
- NITROGEN
- NONANOL
- NOOTKATONE
- OCTOPAMINE
- OLEIC-ACID
- PALMITIC-ACID
- PERILLALDEHYDE
- PHENYLALANINE
- PHYTOFLUENE
- ALPHA-PINENE
- POLYGALACTURONIC-ACID
- PONCITRIN
- PROPIONIC-ACID
- QUINIC-ACID
- RUBIDIUM
- SELENIUM
- SERINE
- SESLIN
- SILICON
- ALPHA-SINESAL
- BETA-SINESAL
- SINENSIAXANTHIN
- BETA-SITOSTEROL
- STACHYDRINE
- STRONTIUM
- SUGARS
- TERPINEN-4-OL
- GAMMA-TERPINENE
- ALPHA-TERPINEOL
- TERPINOLENE
- TETRADECANAL
- THREONINE
- TITANIUM
- TYRAMINE
- URONIC-ACID
- VALENCENE
- VALENCIACHROME
- VALENCIAXANTHIN
- VIT-B-6
- XANTHOXYLETIN
- XANTHYLETIN
- XYLOSE
- BETA-ZEACAROTENE
- ZEAXANTHIN
- ZINC
- PALMITOLEIC-ACID
- PROTEIN
- SILVER
- MUTATOCHROME
- NEROLIDOL
- SUBAPHYLLIN
- AURAPTENE
- BROMINE
- CADMIUM
- 2'-TRANS-O-P-COUMAROYL-GLUCARIC-ACID
- P-CYMENE
- DECANAL
- GALACTAN
- GERANIAL
- GLUCOSE
- 3,3',4,5,6,7,8-HEPTAMETHOXY-FLAVONE
- LUTEOLIN-7-O-BETA-D-RUTINOSIDE
- MANNOSE
- NONANAL
- NORDENTATIN
- SODIUM
- SUBERENOL
- SULFUR
- TETRA-O-METHYL-SCUTELLAREIN
- ALUMINUM
- APIGENIN-7-O-ALPHA-L-RHAMNO-GLUCOSIDE
- ARGININE
- ASPARAGINE
- BARIUM
- CAPROIC-ACID
- BETA-CAROTENE
- CAROTENOIDS
- CHOLESTEROL
- CITRUNOBIN
- CITRUSININE-II
- COPPER
- CRENULATIN
- CYANIDIN-3-GLUCOSIDE
- FERULOYL-PUTRESCINE
- FRUCTOSE
- GERANIOL
- GLUTAMIC-ACID
- HEPTULOSE
- P-HYDROQUINONE
- ISOPRENE
- ALPHA-LINOLENIC-ACID
- LUTEOXANTHINS
- MALIC-ACID
- MERCURY
- 3-METHYL-BUT-1-ENE
- NARINGENIN-RUTINOSIDE-4-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE
- NEO-BETA-CAROTENE
- NERYL-ACETATE
- NIACIN
- NOOTKATOL
- OCTYL-ACETATE
- PANTOTHENIC-ACID
- PHYTOENE
- PROLINE
- RIBOFLAVIN
- SABINENE
- SINAPIC-ACID
- SINENSETIN
- STIGMASTEROL
- SUCCINIC-ACID
- THIAMIN
- ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL
- TYROSINE
- VALINE
- VITEXIN-XYLOSIDE
- XYLAN
- XYLOSYL-VITEXIN
- ALPHA-CAROTENE
- SUCROSE
- PHLORIN
- METHANOL
- OXALIC-ACID
- HEXANOL
- IRON
- LEUCINE
- LUTEIN
- MANGANESE
- 2-METHYL-1-PROPANOL
- WATER
- CITRACRIDONE-I
- 6,7-DIMETHOXYCOUMARIN
- ALPHA-BERGAMOTENE
- 4-(3-METHYL-2-BUTENOXY)-ISO-NITROSO-ACETOPHENONE
- MUTATOXANTHIN
- ASCORBIC-ACID
- CHROMIUM
- FIBER
- LEAD
- MOLYBDENUM
- NERAL
- POTASSIUM
- TRYPTOPHAN
- FERULIC-ACID
- PHOSPHORUS
- ZIRCONIUM
- ASH
- ABSCISIC-ACID
- ACETALDEHYDE
- ANTHRANILIC-ACID-METHYL-ESTER
- APIGENIN-TRIMETHYL-ETHER
- DIHYDROKAEMPFEROL-4'-METHYL-ETHER-7-O-RHAMNOSIDE
- N-METHYL-ANILINE
- N-N-DIMETHYL-3-METHYL-ANILINE
- N-N-DIMETHYL-ANILINE
- 2-(METHYL-AMINO)-BENZYL-ALCOHOL
- 4,7-DIMETHYL-BICYCLO(3.2.1)-OCT-CIS-3-EN-6-ONE
- 4,7-DIMETHYL-BICYCLO(3.2.1)-OCT-TRANS-3-EN-6-ONE
- BRASSINOLIDE
- BRAYLIN
- 3-METHYL-BUTAN-1-OL
- DELTA-CADINENE
- CAFFEINE
- 5,8-EPOXY-5,8-DIHYDRO-10'-APO-BETA-CAROTEN-3,10'-DIOL
- 3-HYDROXY-5,8-EPOXY-5,8-DIHYDRO-8'-APO-BETA-CAROTEN-8'-AL
- ZETA-CAROTENE-A
- ZETA-CAROTENE-B
- 5,8-EPOXY-5,5',8'-TETRAHYDRO-BETA-BETA-CAROTENE-3,3',5',6'-TETROL
- 5,6-DIHYDRO-BETA-BETA-CAROTENE-3,3',5,6-TETROL
- BETA-APO-8'-CAROTINAL
- CASTASTERONE
- CITFLAVANONE
- BETA-CITRAURIN
- CITRUSIN-II
- CITRUSIN-III
- CITRUSIN-IV
- ALPHA-COPAENE
- COUMARIC-ACID
- CRYPTOFLAVIN-A
- CRYPTOFLAVIN-B
- BETA-CRYPTOXANTHIN
- CRYPTOXANTHIN-5,5',6,6'-DIEPOXIDE
- CRYPTOXANTHIN-5,5',6,8'-DIEPOXIDE
- DIOSMIN
- ERIOCITRIN
- NEOERIOCITRIN
- ETROGOL
- HEPTAMETHOXY-FLAVONE
- 2'-TRANS-O-FERULOYL-GALACTARIC-ACID
- 2'-TRANS-O-P-COUMAROYL-GALACTARIC-ACID
- GIBBERELLIC-ACID
- 2,4-TRANS-TRANS-O-DIFERULOYL-GLUCARIC-ACID
- 2-TRANS-O-FERULOYL-GLUCARIC-ACID
- 4-VINYL-GUAIACOL
- HESPERIDIN
- NEOHESPERIDIN
- HESPERIDIN-7-O-ALPHA-L-RHAMNO-GLUCOSIDE
- ICHANGIN-17-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE
- D-LIMONENE
- LIMONIN
- LIMONIN-GLUCOSIDE
- LIMONIN-17-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE
- LIMONOATE-A-RING-LACTONE
- LINOMIN
- ISOLUTEIN
- LYCOPENE
- MEVALONIC-ACID
- BETA-MYRCENE
- MYRICETIN
- NARINGIN
- NARINGIN-GLUCOSIDE
- NARINGIN-7-O-ALPHA-L-RHAMNO-GLUCOSIDE
- NARIRUTIN
- NARIRUTIN-GLUCOSIDE
- NEOCHROME-A
- NEOCHROME-B
- NEOHESPERIDIN-DIHYDROCHALCONE
- NEOXANTHIN-A
- NEOXANTHIN-B
- NICOTINIC-ACID-ETHYL-ESTER
- NOBILETIN
- NOMILIN
- DEACETYL-NOMILIN
- NOMILIN-17-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE
- NOMILINIC-ACID-GLUCOSIDE
- NOMILINIC-ACID-17-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE
- EPOXY-NOOTKATONE
- OBACUNONE
- OBACUNONE-GLUCOSIDE
- OBACUNONE-17-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE
- OCTAN-1-AL
- OCTANAL
- OSTHOL
- PECTIN
- PECTINESTERASE
- PHYTOFLUENE-A
- PHYTOFLUENE-B
- HYDROXYPROLINE
- GERANYL-OXY-PYRANOCOUMARIN
- 2-METHYL-5-(1-METHYL-ETHENYL)-PYRIDINE
- 2-METHYL-5-PHENYL-PYRIDINE
- 2-PENTYLPYRIDINE
- 2-PHENYL-PYRIDINE
- 3-(4-METHYL-HEXYL)-PYRIDINE
- 3-(4-METHYL-PHENYL)-PYRIDINE
- 3-(BUT-TRANS-1-ENYL)-PYRIDINE
- 3-BUTYL-PYRIDINE
- 3-HEPTYL-PYRIDINE
- 3-METHYL-PYRIDINE
- 3-OCTYL-PYRIDINE
- 3-PENTYL-PYRIDINE
- 3-PHENYL-PYRIDINE
- 3-PROPYL-PYRIDINE
- 4-PHENYL-PYRIDINE
- 5-ACETYL-2-METHYL-PYRIDINE
- 5-HEXYL-2-METHYL-PYRIDINE
- QUERCETAGETIN
- QUERCETIN
- ISORHOIFOLIN
- RUTIN
- SCOPARONE
- SCUTELLAREIN
- SESELIN
- ISOSINENSETIN
- SUBEROSIN
- SYNEPHRINE
- TANGERETIN
- N-METHYL-TYRAMINE
- EPOXY-VALENCENE
- VALENCIC-ACID
- VIOLAXANTHIN
- AURAPTENOL
- BERGAPTEN
- TRANS-2-HEXENAL
- ALPHA-SINENSAL
- BETA-SINENSAL
- OCTADECADIENOIC-ACID
- PHYLLOQUINONE
- PHYTOSTEROLS
- SALICYLATES
- ALPHA-YLANGENE
- GAMMA-CADINENE
- DELTA-3-CARENE
- BETA-CARYOPHYLLENE
- CITRONELLOL
- CITRONELLYL-ACETATE
- ALPHA-CUBEBENE
- GERANYL-ACETATE
- ALPHA-HUMULENE
- METHYL-N-METHYL-ANTHRANILATE
- NEROL
- (E)-BETA-OCIMENE
- (Z)-BETA-OCIMENE
- OCTANOL
- ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE
- BETA-PINENE
- CIS-SABINENE-HYDRATE
- TRANS-SABINENE-HYDRATE
- ALPHA-TERPINENE
- ALPHA-THUJENE
- THYMOL
- UNDECANAL
- CAMPHENE
- CARVONE
- CARYOPHYLLENE
- ELEMOL
- JASMONIC-ACID
- LIMONENE
- LINALOOL
Legality
No exact international trade listing was returned by the CITES checklist for this accepted name. Country-specific law is not assessed here.
Consult the CITES species checklist for current international and national requirements.
Reference images
Sources
Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases · CC0
GBIF Backbone Taxonomy · CC BY 4.0
show claim source mapping
CC0 · Dr. Duke raw CSV archive
Contributions and revisions
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