botanical record · discovered
Petitgrain
Citrus aurantium
Petitgrain · Bitter Orange · Aranzu · Bergamotte · Bigarade, Bigaradier · Bigaradier · Bigaradier, Bigarade, Oranger amer, Orange amère · Bigaradujo · Bitterorangen · Clementine · Hyuganatsu · Kahet · Orange · Oranger amer · Oranger amer, Bigaradier · Pomarańcza gorzka · Pomerans · Pomeranssi
At a glance
Origin / distribution: China, Mexico(Chinantec), India(Santal), Turkey, US(NY), Trinidad, US, Curacao
Cultural traditions: not documented
Recorded uses: Abdomen, Ache(Head), Ache(Stomach), Anodyne
Science studied: (+)-AURAPTENAL, D-CITRONELLIC-ACID, CITRONELLOL, DECANAL
Research volume: 0 indexed records · volume only · methodology ↗
Legal status: Varies by jurisdiction; not assessed in this record.
Names and identity
Family: Rutaceae
Scientific name: Citrus aurantium
Common names: Petitgrain, Bitter Orange, Aranzu, Bergamotte, Bigarade, Bigaradier, Bigaradier, Bigaradier, Bigarade, Oranger amer, Orange amère, Bigaradujo, Bitterorangen, Clementine, Hyuganatsu, Kahet, Orange, Oranger amer, Oranger amer, Bigaradier, Pomarańcza gorzka, Pomerans, Pomeranssi
History
The source record documents this plant in China, Mexico(Chinantec), India(Santal), Elsewhere, Turkey, US(NY), Trinidad, US and 7 additional places.
It records these historical or traditional applications:
- Abdomen
- Ache(Head)
- Ache(Stomach)
- Anodyne
- Antidote(Fish)
- Antidote(Shrimp)
- Antifertility
- Antiseptic
show 68 more documented entries
- Apertif
- Bactericide
- Cancer
- Cancer(Breast)
- Cancer(Stomach)
- Carminative
- Chest
- Congestion
- Deobstruent
- Depurative
- Diarrhea
- Dysmenorrhea
- Dyspepsia
- Emmenagogue
- Expectorant
- Fatality
- Flatulence
- Freckle
- Fungicide
- Gall-Bladder
- Gas
- Heart
- Hypertension
- Laxative
- Liver
- Marasmus
- Megalospleny
- Menorrhagia
- Narcotic
- Nerves
- Panacea
- Pectoral
- Purgative
- Rectocele
- Refrigerant
- Rib
- Scurvy
- Sedative
- Shampoo
- Sore
- Spasm
- Stimulant
- Stomach
- Stomachic
- Styptic
- Tea
- Thrush
- Tonic
- Tranquilizer
- Urogenital
- Uterus
- Wine-Nose
- Hemostat
- Medicine
- Nervine
- Sudorific
- Thirst
- Antidote(Lobster)
- Bubo
- Dyspnea
- Fever
- Mouthwash
- Nausea
- Oliguria
- Pimple
- Prolapse
- Splenitis
- Vermifuge
This summary is limited to the cited source record.
Origins and distribution
- China
- Mexico(Chinantec)
- India(Santal)
- Elsewhere
- Turkey
- US(NY)
- Trinidad
- US
- Curacao
- Haiti
- Mexico
- Dominican Republic
show 3 more documented entries
- Venezuela
- Spain
- Ecuador(Jivaro)
Documented cultural uses
- Abdomen
- Ache(Head)
- Ache(Stomach)
- Anodyne
- Antidote(Fish)
- Antidote(Shrimp)
- Antifertility
- Antiseptic
- Apertif
- Bactericide
- Cancer
- Cancer(Breast)
show 64 more documented entries
- Cancer(Stomach)
- Carminative
- Chest
- Congestion
- Deobstruent
- Depurative
- Diarrhea
- Dysmenorrhea
- Dyspepsia
- Emmenagogue
- Expectorant
- Fatality
- Flatulence
- Freckle
- Fungicide
- Gall-Bladder
- Gas
- Heart
- Hypertension
- Laxative
- Liver
- Marasmus
- Megalospleny
- Menorrhagia
- Narcotic
- Nerves
- Panacea
- Pectoral
- Purgative
- Rectocele
- Refrigerant
- Rib
- Scurvy
- Sedative
- Shampoo
- Sore
- Spasm
- Stimulant
- Stomach
- Stomachic
- Styptic
- Tea
- Thrush
- Tonic
- Tranquilizer
- Urogenital
- Uterus
- Wine-Nose
- Hemostat
- Medicine
- Nervine
- Sudorific
- Thirst
- Antidote(Lobster)
- Bubo
- Dyspnea
- Fever
- Mouthwash
- Nausea
- Oliguria
- Pimple
- Prolapse
- Splenitis
- Vermifuge
Cultural record detail
These entries are transcribed from the cited ethnobotanical source; they do not represent current advice or a claim of efficacy.
- Abdomen · China · "
- Ache(Head) · Mexico(Chinantec) · "
- Ache(Stomach) · India(Santal) · "
- Anodyne · China · "
- Antidote(Fish) · China · "
- Antidote(Shrimp) · China · "
- Antifertility · Elsewhere · "
- Antiseptic · Elsewhere · "
- Apertif · Turkey · "
- Bactericide · China · "
- Cancer · China · "
- Cancer · US(NY) · "
- Cancer(Breast) · China · "
- Cancer(Stomach) · China · "
- Carminative · Elsewhere · "
- Chest · China · "
- Congestion · China · "
- Deobstruent · China · "
- Depurative · Trinidad · "
- Diarrhea · China · "
- Dysmenorrhea · China · "
- Dyspepsia · China · "
- Dyspepsia · Trinidad · "
- Emmenagogue · China · "
77 additional documented entries remain in the source record.
Contemporary uses
Contemporary practice is not documented separately in this record.
Scientific research
Indexed records indicate research activity; they do not establish efficacy or safety.
Indexed research records
- Impact of Two Pretreatment Methods on the Chemical Profile of Still-Bottom Water and the Antioxidant Activities of Hydrosol and Still-Bottom Water from <i>Citrus × aurantium 'Daidai'</i> and <i>Citrus × aurantium</i> L. Dried Flower Buds. · 2026 source ↗
- Ultrasound-triggered metabolic responses of Lactobacillus acidophilus at different growth phases enhance the functional quality of Citrus aurantium L. juice. · 2026 source ↗
- Effect of Citrus aurantium capsules on peripartum anxiety and postpartum blues: a randomized triple -blind clinical trial. · 2026 source ↗
Scientific compounds
Chemical presence is not evidence of clinical efficacy.
- (+)-AURAPTENAL
- D-CITRONELLIC-ACID
- CITRONELLOL
- DECANAL
- DIPENTENE
- FURFUROL
- GERANIAL
- GERANYL-OXIDE
- CIS-3-HEXENOL
- LINALOOL
- NERAL
- NEROL
- D-NEROLIDOL
- CIS-OCIMENE
- ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE
- PYRROLE
show 151 more documented entries
- RHOIFOLIN
- TERPINEN-4-OL
- ALPHA-TERPINEOL
- ALPHA-TERPINYL-ACETATE
- THYMOL
- SESELIN
- MYRCENE
- ALPHA-PINENE
- SABINENE
- AURAPTEN
- P-CYMENE
- FARNESOL
- GERANIOL
- ISOLIMONIC-ACID
- LINALYL-ACETATE
- NERYL-ACETATE
- BETA-PINENE
- GAMMA-TERPINENE
- TERPINOLENE
- SINENSETIN
- BETA-OCIMENE
- TRANS-OCIMENE
- GERANYL-ACETATE
- ALPHA-TERPINENE
- CAMPHENE
- LIMONENE
- 4-TERPINENOL
- 6,7-DIMETHOXYCOUMARIN
- ACETIC-ACID
- ANTHRANILIC-ACID-METHYL-ETHER
- ASCORBIC-ACID
- AURANETIN
- AURANTIAMARIN
- BERGAPTEN
- CADINENE
- CALCIUM
- CINNAMIC-ACID
- CITRANTIN
- CITRIC-ACID
- CITRONELLIC-ACID
- COPPER
- COUMARIN
- D-LINALOOL
- DECYL-ALDEHYDE
- DELTA-LIMONENE
- DL-LINALOOL
- DL-TERPINEOL
- DUODECYLALDEHYDE
- EO
- FAT
- FORMIC-ACID
- FURANOCOUMARINS
- GERANIC-ACID
- HESPERIDIN
- INDOL
- IRON
- ISOHESPERIDIN
- JASMONE
- L-LINALYL-ACETATE
- L-STACHYDRINE
- MAGNESIUM
- MANGANESE
- METHYL-ANTHRANILATE
- NARINGIN
- NEOHESPERIDIN
- NEOHESPERIDOSE
- NOBILETIN
- NONANOL
- NONYL-ALDEHYDE
- OCTALDEHYDE
- OCTANOL
- PECTIN
- PELARGONALDEHYDE
- PELARGONIC-ACID
- PENTANOL
- PHELLANDRENE
- PHENYLACETIC-ACID
- PHENYL-ETHYL-ALCOHOL
- POTASSIUM
- RUTOSIDE
- SODIUM
- STACHYDRINE
- TANGERETIN
- TANNIN
- TERPENYL-ACETATE
- TETRA-O-METHYL-SCUTELLAREIN
- UMBELLIFERONE
- VIOLAXANTHIN
- 4-TERPINEOL
- 5-HYDROXYAURANETIN
- ACETALDEHYDE
- ALPHA-HUMULENE
- ALPHA-IONONE
- ALPHA-YLANGENE
- ASH
- AURANTIAMENE
- AUROPTENOL
- BENZOIC-ACID
- BETA-CAROTENE
- BETA-COPAENE
- BETA-ELEMENE
- BUTANOL
- CAPRINALDEHYDE
- CARBOHYDRATES
- CARVONE
- CARYOPHYLLENE
- CITRAL
- CITRONELLAL
- CRYPTOXANTHIN
- D-LIMONENE
- DECYLPELARGONATE
- DELTA-3-CARENE
- DELTA-CADINENE
- DODECANAL
- DODECEN-2-AL-(1)
- ETHANOL
- FIBER
- FORMALDEHYDE
- GAMMA-ELEMENE
- GUM
- HEXANOL
- ISOSCUTELLAREIN
- ISOSINENSETIN
- ISOTETRAMETHYLETHER
- L-CAMPHENE
- L-LINALOOL
- LAURIC-ALDEHYDE
- LIMONIN
- MALIC-ACID
- MANNOSE
- METHANOL
- NARINGENIN
- NEROLIDOL
- NIACIN
- NOMILIN
- NOOTKATONE
- OCTYL-ACETATE
- P-CYMOL
- PALMITIC-ACID
- PHENOL
- PHENYLETHANOL
- PHOSPHORUS
- PROTEIN
- RIBOFLAVIN
- TANNIC-ACID
- THIAMIN
- TRANS-HEXEN-2-AL-1
- UNDECANAL
- VALENCENE
- WATER
- ZEAXANTHIN
Legality
No exact international trade listing was returned by the CITES checklist for this accepted name. Country-specific law is not assessed here.
Consult the CITES species checklist for current international and national requirements.
Reference images

Sources
Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases · CC0
GBIF Backbone Taxonomy · CC BY 4.0
show claim source mapping
CC0 · Dr. Duke raw CSV archive
Contributions and revisions
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