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botanical illustration of Petitgrain, Citrus aurantium

botanical record · discovered

Petitgrain

Citrus aurantium

Petitgrain · Bitter Orange · Aranzu · Bergamotte · Bigarade, Bigaradier · Bigaradier · Bigaradier, Bigarade, Oranger amer, Orange amère · Bigaradujo · Bitterorangen · Clementine · Hyuganatsu · Kahet · Orange · Oranger amer · Oranger amer, Bigaradier · Pomarańcza gorzka · Pomerans · Pomeranssi

At a glance

Origin / distribution: China, Mexico(Chinantec), India(Santal), Turkey, US(NY), Trinidad, US, Curacao

Cultural traditions: not documented

Recorded uses: Abdomen, Ache(Head), Ache(Stomach), Anodyne

Science studied: (+)-AURAPTENAL, D-CITRONELLIC-ACID, CITRONELLOL, DECANAL

Research volume: 0 indexed records · volume only · methodology ↗

Legal status: Varies by jurisdiction; not assessed in this record.

Names and identity

Family: Rutaceae

Scientific name: Citrus aurantium

Common names: Petitgrain, Bitter Orange, Aranzu, Bergamotte, Bigarade, Bigaradier, Bigaradier, Bigaradier, Bigarade, Oranger amer, Orange amère, Bigaradujo, Bitterorangen, Clementine, Hyuganatsu, Kahet, Orange, Oranger amer, Oranger amer, Bigaradier, Pomarańcza gorzka, Pomerans, Pomeranssi

History

The source record documents this plant in China, Mexico(Chinantec), India(Santal), Elsewhere, Turkey, US(NY), Trinidad, US and 7 additional places.

It records these historical or traditional applications:

  • Abdomen
  • Ache(Head)
  • Ache(Stomach)
  • Anodyne
  • Antidote(Fish)
  • Antidote(Shrimp)
  • Antifertility
  • Antiseptic
show 68 more documented entries
  • Apertif
  • Bactericide
  • Cancer
  • Cancer(Breast)
  • Cancer(Stomach)
  • Carminative
  • Chest
  • Congestion
  • Deobstruent
  • Depurative
  • Diarrhea
  • Dysmenorrhea
  • Dyspepsia
  • Emmenagogue
  • Expectorant
  • Fatality
  • Flatulence
  • Freckle
  • Fungicide
  • Gall-Bladder
  • Gas
  • Heart
  • Hypertension
  • Laxative
  • Liver
  • Marasmus
  • Megalospleny
  • Menorrhagia
  • Narcotic
  • Nerves
  • Panacea
  • Pectoral
  • Purgative
  • Rectocele
  • Refrigerant
  • Rib
  • Scurvy
  • Sedative
  • Shampoo
  • Sore
  • Spasm
  • Stimulant
  • Stomach
  • Stomachic
  • Styptic
  • Tea
  • Thrush
  • Tonic
  • Tranquilizer
  • Urogenital
  • Uterus
  • Wine-Nose
  • Hemostat
  • Medicine
  • Nervine
  • Sudorific
  • Thirst
  • Antidote(Lobster)
  • Bubo
  • Dyspnea
  • Fever
  • Mouthwash
  • Nausea
  • Oliguria
  • Pimple
  • Prolapse
  • Splenitis
  • Vermifuge

This summary is limited to the cited source record.

Origins and distribution

  • China
  • Mexico(Chinantec)
  • India(Santal)
  • Elsewhere
  • Turkey
  • US(NY)
  • Trinidad
  • US
  • Curacao
  • Haiti
  • Mexico
  • Dominican Republic
show 3 more documented entries
  • Venezuela
  • Spain
  • Ecuador(Jivaro)

Documented cultural uses

  • Abdomen
  • Ache(Head)
  • Ache(Stomach)
  • Anodyne
  • Antidote(Fish)
  • Antidote(Shrimp)
  • Antifertility
  • Antiseptic
  • Apertif
  • Bactericide
  • Cancer
  • Cancer(Breast)
show 64 more documented entries
  • Cancer(Stomach)
  • Carminative
  • Chest
  • Congestion
  • Deobstruent
  • Depurative
  • Diarrhea
  • Dysmenorrhea
  • Dyspepsia
  • Emmenagogue
  • Expectorant
  • Fatality
  • Flatulence
  • Freckle
  • Fungicide
  • Gall-Bladder
  • Gas
  • Heart
  • Hypertension
  • Laxative
  • Liver
  • Marasmus
  • Megalospleny
  • Menorrhagia
  • Narcotic
  • Nerves
  • Panacea
  • Pectoral
  • Purgative
  • Rectocele
  • Refrigerant
  • Rib
  • Scurvy
  • Sedative
  • Shampoo
  • Sore
  • Spasm
  • Stimulant
  • Stomach
  • Stomachic
  • Styptic
  • Tea
  • Thrush
  • Tonic
  • Tranquilizer
  • Urogenital
  • Uterus
  • Wine-Nose
  • Hemostat
  • Medicine
  • Nervine
  • Sudorific
  • Thirst
  • Antidote(Lobster)
  • Bubo
  • Dyspnea
  • Fever
  • Mouthwash
  • Nausea
  • Oliguria
  • Pimple
  • Prolapse
  • Splenitis
  • Vermifuge

Cultural record detail

These entries are transcribed from the cited ethnobotanical source; they do not represent current advice or a claim of efficacy.

  • Abdomen · China · "
  • Ache(Head) · Mexico(Chinantec) · "
  • Ache(Stomach) · India(Santal) · "
  • Anodyne · China · "
  • Antidote(Fish) · China · "
  • Antidote(Shrimp) · China · "
  • Antifertility · Elsewhere · "
  • Antiseptic · Elsewhere · "
  • Apertif · Turkey · "
  • Bactericide · China · "
  • Cancer · China · "
  • Cancer · US(NY) · "
  • Cancer(Breast) · China · "
  • Cancer(Stomach) · China · "
  • Carminative · Elsewhere · "
  • Chest · China · "
  • Congestion · China · "
  • Deobstruent · China · "
  • Depurative · Trinidad · "
  • Diarrhea · China · "
  • Dysmenorrhea · China · "
  • Dyspepsia · China · "
  • Dyspepsia · Trinidad · "
  • Emmenagogue · China · "

77 additional documented entries remain in the source record.

Contemporary uses

Contemporary practice is not documented separately in this record.

Scientific research

Indexed records indicate research activity; they do not establish efficacy or safety.

Indexed research records

  • Impact of Two Pretreatment Methods on the Chemical Profile of Still-Bottom Water and the Antioxidant Activities of Hydrosol and Still-Bottom Water from <i>Citrus × aurantium 'Daidai'</i> and <i>Citrus × aurantium</i> L. Dried Flower Buds. · 2026 source ↗
  • Ultrasound-triggered metabolic responses of Lactobacillus acidophilus at different growth phases enhance the functional quality of Citrus aurantium L. juice. · 2026 source ↗
  • Effect of Citrus aurantium capsules on peripartum anxiety and postpartum blues: a randomized triple -blind clinical trial. · 2026 source ↗

Scientific compounds

Chemical presence is not evidence of clinical efficacy.

  • (+)-AURAPTENAL
  • D-CITRONELLIC-ACID
  • CITRONELLOL
  • DECANAL
  • DIPENTENE
  • FURFUROL
  • GERANIAL
  • GERANYL-OXIDE
  • CIS-3-HEXENOL
  • LINALOOL
  • NERAL
  • NEROL
  • D-NEROLIDOL
  • CIS-OCIMENE
  • ALPHA-PHELLANDRENE
  • PYRROLE
show 151 more documented entries
  • RHOIFOLIN
  • TERPINEN-4-OL
  • ALPHA-TERPINEOL
  • ALPHA-TERPINYL-ACETATE
  • THYMOL
  • SESELIN
  • MYRCENE
  • ALPHA-PINENE
  • SABINENE
  • AURAPTEN
  • P-CYMENE
  • FARNESOL
  • GERANIOL
  • ISOLIMONIC-ACID
  • LINALYL-ACETATE
  • NERYL-ACETATE
  • BETA-PINENE
  • GAMMA-TERPINENE
  • TERPINOLENE
  • SINENSETIN
  • BETA-OCIMENE
  • TRANS-OCIMENE
  • GERANYL-ACETATE
  • ALPHA-TERPINENE
  • CAMPHENE
  • LIMONENE
  • 4-TERPINENOL
  • 6,7-DIMETHOXYCOUMARIN
  • ACETIC-ACID
  • ANTHRANILIC-ACID-METHYL-ETHER
  • ASCORBIC-ACID
  • AURANETIN
  • AURANTIAMARIN
  • BERGAPTEN
  • CADINENE
  • CALCIUM
  • CINNAMIC-ACID
  • CITRANTIN
  • CITRIC-ACID
  • CITRONELLIC-ACID
  • COPPER
  • COUMARIN
  • D-LINALOOL
  • DECYL-ALDEHYDE
  • DELTA-LIMONENE
  • DL-LINALOOL
  • DL-TERPINEOL
  • DUODECYLALDEHYDE
  • EO
  • FAT
  • FORMIC-ACID
  • FURANOCOUMARINS
  • GERANIC-ACID
  • HESPERIDIN
  • INDOL
  • IRON
  • ISOHESPERIDIN
  • JASMONE
  • L-LINALYL-ACETATE
  • L-STACHYDRINE
  • MAGNESIUM
  • MANGANESE
  • METHYL-ANTHRANILATE
  • NARINGIN
  • NEOHESPERIDIN
  • NEOHESPERIDOSE
  • NOBILETIN
  • NONANOL
  • NONYL-ALDEHYDE
  • OCTALDEHYDE
  • OCTANOL
  • PECTIN
  • PELARGONALDEHYDE
  • PELARGONIC-ACID
  • PENTANOL
  • PHELLANDRENE
  • PHENYLACETIC-ACID
  • PHENYL-ETHYL-ALCOHOL
  • POTASSIUM
  • RUTOSIDE
  • SODIUM
  • STACHYDRINE
  • TANGERETIN
  • TANNIN
  • TERPENYL-ACETATE
  • TETRA-O-METHYL-SCUTELLAREIN
  • UMBELLIFERONE
  • VIOLAXANTHIN
  • 4-TERPINEOL
  • 5-HYDROXYAURANETIN
  • ACETALDEHYDE
  • ALPHA-HUMULENE
  • ALPHA-IONONE
  • ALPHA-YLANGENE
  • ASH
  • AURANTIAMENE
  • AUROPTENOL
  • BENZOIC-ACID
  • BETA-CAROTENE
  • BETA-COPAENE
  • BETA-ELEMENE
  • BUTANOL
  • CAPRINALDEHYDE
  • CARBOHYDRATES
  • CARVONE
  • CARYOPHYLLENE
  • CITRAL
  • CITRONELLAL
  • CRYPTOXANTHIN
  • D-LIMONENE
  • DECYLPELARGONATE
  • DELTA-3-CARENE
  • DELTA-CADINENE
  • DODECANAL
  • DODECEN-2-AL-(1)
  • ETHANOL
  • FIBER
  • FORMALDEHYDE
  • GAMMA-ELEMENE
  • GUM
  • HEXANOL
  • ISOSCUTELLAREIN
  • ISOSINENSETIN
  • ISOTETRAMETHYLETHER
  • L-CAMPHENE
  • L-LINALOOL
  • LAURIC-ALDEHYDE
  • LIMONIN
  • MALIC-ACID
  • MANNOSE
  • METHANOL
  • NARINGENIN
  • NEROLIDOL
  • NIACIN
  • NOMILIN
  • NOOTKATONE
  • OCTYL-ACETATE
  • P-CYMOL
  • PALMITIC-ACID
  • PHENOL
  • PHENYLETHANOL
  • PHOSPHORUS
  • PROTEIN
  • RIBOFLAVIN
  • TANNIC-ACID
  • THIAMIN
  • TRANS-HEXEN-2-AL-1
  • UNDECANAL
  • VALENCENE
  • WATER
  • ZEAXANTHIN

Legality

No exact international trade listing was returned by the CITES checklist for this accepted name. Country-specific law is not assessed here.

Consult the CITES species checklist for current international and national requirements.

Reference images

Citrus aurantium
Citrus aurantium · Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen

Sources

Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases · CC0

GBIF Backbone Taxonomy · CC BY 4.0

show claim source mapping
  • identity · DH-SRC-0030
  • documented_uses · DH-SRC-0030
  • compounds · DH-SRC-0030
  • taxonomy · DH-SRC-GBIF · source ↗
  • common_names · DH-SRC-GBIF · source ↗
  • countries · DH-SRC-GBIF · source ↗
  • cultural_records · DH-SRC-0030 · source ↗

CC0 · Dr. Duke raw CSV archive

Contributions and revisions

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